Urantia Book Commentary and Articles

Martin Rees
08/09/2008

This experiment may be of interest to Urantia Book students, as it will attempt to actually re-create the dawn of creation. Just as with the Human Genome Project and the Hubble Telescope, there may emerge new understanding and new insights into God's creation, and there may even be more corroboration with the revelation of The Urantia Book. It will certainly be interesting to follow the results and conclusions drawn from such an ambitious project.

NB: Page 1 of 3 - Please click on "external link" at the bottom to access the entire article.

On Wednesday, physicists turn on the multibillion-pound machine that will recreate the birth of the universe. Martin Rees applauds the greatest experiment in history

Einstein famously said that "the most incomprehensible thing about the universe is that it is comprehensible". The universe isn't anarchic: it's full of patterns and structures.

The same physical laws apply in distant galaxies as in the lab. Our brains evolved to cope with life on the African savannah, but they can make sense of things far beyond our ancestors' experience - from subatomic particles, far too small to be imaged by any microscope, to galaxies billions of light years away.

As the centuries have passed, we have progressed remarkably in our understanding of the world around us. We know that the essence of all substances - their colour, texture, hardness and so forth - is set by the atoms of which they are made, and by how those atoms are linked together.

We know that in every cell of every living creature, atoms are configured into proteins and tangled strings of DNA. We know, even, that these atoms were all synthesised from pristine hydrogen by processes deep inside stars that died before our solar system came into being. We are literally the ashes of ancient stars - the "nuclear waste" from the fuel that made them shine.

We know, also, what forces acted on those stars, and act on our bodies. Isaac Newton showed that the force that makes apples fall is the same thing that holds the planets in their orbits and that controls the trajectory of spacecraft and satellites.

Michael Faraday achieved a further unification by showing that electric and magnetic forces were linked - an insight that led to electric motors and dynamos, and radio waves.

Nearly 100 years ago, Ernest Rutherford, then working in Manchester, inferred that an atom contained a nucleus, surrounded by a "cloud" of electrons. These developments have led to lasers, nuclear energy and much else.

But there are still gaps in our knowledge. In particular, we still can't link the forces uncovered by Faraday and Newton to the so-called "nuclear" force that actually holds the nuclei of atoms together - and without this force there would be no carbon, no oxygen and no life.

Nor can we make our theories about the universe work without adopting some very strange assumptions indeed: there seems, for instance, to be a mysterious force, latent in space itself, that is pushing everything apart and speeding up its expansion.

These profound questions can't be solved just by armchair theorists. In terms of innate brainpower, we're no wiser than Aristotle was; without successive generations of experiments, we would still believe, like him, in the four elements of earth, air, fire and water.

Science demands experimentation - and some scientific challenges are so great that they demand a massive enterprise, in which thousands of researchers combine their efforts to achieve a common goal.

This happened in astronomy with the Hubble Telescope, and in biology with the human genome project. And now it is happening in physics. The Large Hadron Collider, which will begin operations on Wednesday, will be the largest experiment in human history.

Constructed at a cost of Â£4.4 billion, shared among all participating nations, it is the latest in a series of successively more powerful particle accelerators that have been built at the CERN laboratory in Geneva.

CERN was set up in 1955 by European scientists who had won the ear of government through their nuclear work during the Second World War, and who recognised that progress in their subject would require equipment too expensive for any single European country to fund. But what started as a European project is now in effect a machine that belongs to the world.

An even more ambitious American project was cancelled owing to cost overruns, so the LHC is likely to be the world's premier accelerator for at least the next 15 years, home to scientists from America, Russia, Japan and everywhere else. Protons, after all, are the same from China to Peru - and indeed throughout the cosmos.

Continued

Labels: atom, Large Hadron Collider, Martin Rees, pattern, protons, the universe

Permalink | Link to External Source Article

Saturday, September 29, 2007

Ultimatons, Electrons and Atoms: A Discussion Of Paper 42

by Georgia Gecht

Contents:

Ultimatons
Electrons
The Atom
Atomic Cohesion
The Atomic Nucleus
The Phenomenon of the Mesotron
The Phenomenon of the Number Seven in Atomic Physics
Paper 42

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ULTIMATONS

Ultimatons are the energy particles which make up the electrons, the PRIME physical units of material existence (472:1); Ultimatons aggregate into electrons. (475:1)

Ultimatons do not whirl about in circuits within electrons, but they CLUSTER, - or spread, in accordance with their AXIAL REVOLUTIONARY VELOCITIES, which determines:

a. The differential electronic dimensions
b. The NEGATIVE or POSITIVE reactions of the several types of electronic units
The entire SEGREGATION AND GROUPING of electronic matter, RESULT from these various functions of the COMPONENT ULTIMATONIC INTERASSOCIATION. (476:#6:LP)

ELECTRONS

Mutual attraction holds 100 ultimatons together in the constitution of the electron. There are never more nor less than 100 ultimatons in a "typical" electron. The loss of one or more ultimatons destroys typical electronic identity, bringing into existence one of TEN MODIFIED FORMS of the electron. (476:#6:5)

The ultimaton is derived from, and is dependent on, PARADISE. It has Paradise as it's NUCLEUS. (476:#1:2)

Ultimatons function by mutual attraction, responding ONLY to the Paradise gravity pull. Without LINEAR gravity resonse, (the electrical stage, 125:#8:3), they are thus held in the universal space drift. They are capable of accelerating revolutionary velocity, but cannot, of themselves, deindividuate, - return to the puissant-energy stage. (476:#6:3)

Many phases of physical activity slow the ultimatons down before they attain the revolutionary-energy prerequisites to electronic organization, (organizing into electrons according to certain velocities. (476:LP)

Ultimatons have three varieties of motion:

a. Mutual resistance to cosmic force.
b. Individual revolutions of anti-gravity potential.
c. The intraelectric POSITIONS of the 100 mutually interassociated ultimatons.
Some of the unpredictability of the electron is due to differential ultimatonic axial revolutionary velocities, and to the unexplained "HUDDLING" proclivity of ultimatons. Other influences, - physical, electrical, magnetic, and gravitational also operate to produce VARIABLE electronic behavior. The ultimaton is the first measurable form of energy, and has Paradise as its nucleus. It is measurable by the force organizers who initiate those changes of space-force, which eventuate in energy. (468:3)

There is no measurable linear gravity pull on uncharged electronic energy particles, or on unassociated ultimatons. (476:#6:2, 3)

THE ATOM

Atoms may contain from one to one hundred orbital electrons. ONLY THE OUTER TEN electrons of the LARGER atoms revolve about the central nucleus as DISTINCT and DISCRETE bodies, -intactly and compactly swinging around on precise and definite orbits. These outer ten electrons, (present in only the TEN HEAVIEST elements), are possessed of the dignity of independence, and are therefore able to escape more or less freely from the control of the mother nucleus. With a minimum variation in temperature and pressure, the members of this fourth and outer-most group of electrons will escape from the grasp of the central nucleus, - as illustrated by the spontaneous disruption of uranium and kindred elements. (Ref.:478:2,3,4)

MESOTRON: "Energy carrier" particle at center of nucleus.

NUCLEUS: Charged protons and uncharged neutrons. (479:2)

FIRST ENERGY ZONE Thirty electrons nearest the center are difficult of observation or detection as separate and organized bodies.

SECOND ENERGY ZONE The next thirty electrons are of advancing individuality, - bodies of matter exerting a more complete control over their attendant energy systems.

THIRD ENERGY ZONE The next thirty electrons are still more individualized and circulate in more distinct and definite orbits.

OUTER TEN Electronic orbits Electron in orbit This same comparative ratio of electronic behavior (in relation to nuclear proximity) obtains in all atoms, regardless of the number of electrons embraced. THE NEARER THE NUCLEUS, THE LESS THERE IS OF ELECTRONIC INDIVIDUALITY.

The WAVE-LIKE ENERGY EXTENSION of an electron may so spread out, as to occuply the whole of the lesser atomic orbits, especially those nearest the nucleus. These thirty innermost electrons DO HAVE individuality, but their energy systems tend to intermingle, extending from electron to electron, and well nigh from orbit to orbit.

The formation of all matter is on the order of the solar system. There is at the center of every minute universe of energy, a RELATIVELY stable, COMPARATIVELY stationary, nuclear portion of material existence." (477:#7:1) "Relatively" and "comparatively" - meaning compared with the unbelievable velocities of the electrons and ultimatons. This does NOT mean "absolutely" stationary, as Paradise Isle. (See "relatively stationary": matter example. (472:#10)

Illustrations in science books, aforementioned, show the atom to be round, like a golf ball. The Urantia Book describes it as having the solar system pattern, i.e., horizontal. If an atom could be photographed, it's revolutionary velocity would make it appear round.)

ATOMIC COHESION

Gravity is one of SEVERAL factors concerned in holding together a tiny atomic energy system. There is also present IN and AMONG these basic physical units, a powerful and UNKNOWN energy...the SECRET of their basic constitution and ultimate BEHAVIOR, an energy not yet discovered on Urantia. This universal influence permeates ALL the space embraced within this tiny energy organization. The space between the electrons of an atom IS NOT EMPTY. It is activated by wave-like manifestations which are perfectly synchronized with electronic velocity and ultimatonic revolutions.

This force is NOT DOMINATED by our laws of positive and negative attraction; its behavior is, therefore, sometimes UNPREDICTABLE. This "unnamed" influence seems to be a SPACE FORCE reaction of the UNQUALIFIED ABSOLUTE. (478:#8:1,2)

NOTE: The Paper #42 on Energy, Mind and Matter was requested by Gabriel of Salvington, the Chief Executive of the universe of Nebadon, and was presented by a Mighty Messenger, ... a perfected mortal who was either rebellion tested, or in some way passed throuogh some definite test of universe allegiance. (245:#2) And, so it behooves us to do our best to understand the energies, so that we understand God and his universes, and attain worship through comprehension of his greatness; and proceed intelligently with our PRIME PURPOSE from here to Paradise; of inter-relating energy and spirit. (See 1,275:#6:2,3; also 638:4,5)

THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS

When atoms perform radioactively, the excess of radiation is derived from the "breaking up" of the mesotron "energy carrier", which thereby becomes a MERE ELECTRON. This disintegration is accompanied by the emission of small uncharged particles. (479:4)

Electronic orbits Charged protons and uncharged neutrons of the nucleus MESOTRON at center (The "glue" of the atom) weighs 180 times the weight of an electron. Mysterious wave-like manifestations expanding outward in ever increasing circles of 360 degrees. Our Mighty Messenger brother thinks that this mysterious manifestation seems to be a reaction of the Unqualified Absolute.

From these brief explainings of the atom, which are given, could we not conclude that the mesotron is secretly composed of 100 potential ultimatons at the beginning; performing at high speed revolutions, (possibly at the puissant stage), and made stable by the many uncharged particles; but not yet slowed down to the revolutionary prereequisites to electronic energy; which maintains order throughout the system...whether the atom consists of one or one hundred electrons,...the "powerful cohesive integrity" of the atom.

When a physical change occurs in the atom, as in radioactivity, the powerful mesotron undergoes a sudden metamorphosis. Through previous intelligent action of the ultimate and a flash reaction of the delicately space-concealed bit of the Unqualified Absolute, the "certain uncharged particles" of the mesotron are released, reducing its weight 180 times itself, -the revolutionary velocity of the ultimatons is slowed down to tthe requisite electronic stage,...thus proceeding within the laws of the "sevenfold electronic organization of prematter". (469:#2)

The 100 mature ultimatons, huddled together, become an electron. It then goes forth to perform another service. In its wanderings in space, it may be absorbed by another atom in another universe, but after countless ages of swinging ever true to the circle of eternity, it returns to its source, Nether Paradise, where, we assume, it is reduced, or melted back into space potency (Unqualified Absolute), only to be sent back into space...where it takes another turn in the evolution of space-force...in "the circularity of endless existence". One thing is certain - nothing is destroyed. It merely changes its course and proceeds through intelligent law. (A reference to "mature ultimaton" may be found on p.519:#1:2)

THE PHENOMENA OF THE MESOTRON

a. Causes protons and neutrons constantly to change places. The mesotron causes the electric charge of the nuclear particles to be incessantly tossed back and forth between protons and neutrons. At one infinitesimal part of a second, a given nuclear particle is a charged proton, and the next, an uncharged neutron.

b. The integrity of the nucleus is maintained by the reciprocal function of the mesotron. It HOLDS charged and uncharged particles together.

c. It has superior force-mass power, being 180 times as heavy as the ELECTRON.

d. Without the mesotron, the electric charge carried by the protons would be disruptive of the atomic nucleus. Neither electric nor gravitational forces could hold the nucleus together.

e. The mesotron functions as an "energy carrier" through the above described process. The resulting phenomena: It mightily contributes to the nuclear stability of the atom. But, it does not account for the cohesion of proton to proton, nor neutron to neutron.

Mesotrons explain CERTAIN cohesive properties, but the PARADOXICAL and POWERFUL FORCE of ATOMIC COHESIVE INTEGRITY is a form of energy, as yet UNDISCOVERED ON Urantia. (Other Ref. on "unknown energy": 47:1; 328:2; 467:LP; 472:#4:2; 667:1)

THE PHENOMENON OF THE NUMBER SEVEN IN ATOMIC PHYSICS

The decimal system is inherent in energy, matter, and the material creation. The number seven is basic to the central universe (Paradise through Havona), and the spiritual system of transmissions of character (1,242:2-4), but the number seven also plays a phenomenal part in the physical energies of our world. The atomic world displays a certain periodic characterization which RECURS in GROUPS OF SEVEN, a brithmark, carried by this material world, indivative of its far-distant spiritual origin.

There are seven cycles whereby certain SIMILAR physical and chemical properties are recurrent in our atomic energy system. If we arrange the basic elements in a row in the order of their atomic weight, then, "...starting from ANY ONE ELEMENT, and nothing some ONE property, such a quality or property will change -- for the following SIX CONSECUTIVE ELEMENTS, but on reaching the eighth it tends to reappear, that is, the EIGHTH chemical active element resembles the FIRST, the NINTH the SECOND, and so on." (425:1)

This PERIODIC change recurs diminishingly, and with variations, down through the entire chemical weight table, being most observable in the LIGHTER atomic groupings. This sevenfold persistence of creative constitution is difficult of comprehension, but this fact of the physical world points to the "seven-fold constitution of ancestral energy". (489:#2) Urantians are saddled with a great problem in trying to compute fixed laws for posterity, because of the inconstancy of the elements; together with "man's ignorance of the philosophy of the universe; which CANNOT be predicated on the observations of so-called science". (480:2) Further complications are analyzed in the last three paragraphs on page 482 of The Urantia Book.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

A Service of
The Urantia Book Fellowship

Labels: atom, electron, mesotron, physics, The Urantia Book, ultimaton